Python-based framework：nginx、uWSGI、mariaDB、php、phpMyAdmin and django

inho · 文章由 **inho** » 2019-11-06, 09:59

Raspberry PI (3B、4B) Rasbian Buster
Installation、Configuration and Application of：
Python-based framework：nginx、uWSGI、mariaDB、php、phpMyAdmin and django
一、前言
人工智慧、物聯網、AIot及Empower edge 是未來新興科技發展的趨勢，如何建置、開發一個功能強大又具備開發、延展性的IoT平台是許多應用廠商必備的基礎環境。本文說明如何利用Raspberry PI建置一個能提供 AIoT開發應用環境平台所需的系統條件、套件及安裝流程，包括建置一個python based Web framework 及openCV、darknet 的AI開發環境。
Raspberry PI Rasbian Buster Lite 是陽春版的Rasbian OS，沒有GUI 的視窗，安裝以後許多套件要透過 Command Line 要靠自己手動安裝，因此可以只安裝自己所需要的軟體套件，減輕系統負擔，提升系統執行效能，速度快，感覺比較順暢，但是，要花時間及精神安裝必要套件。如果要將 Raspberry PI 當作 IoT遠端控制的節點，這種做法似乎是不錯的選擇。

二、安裝前準備
(一)、 Raspberry PI 3B、4B
(二)、 MicroSD with 64 GB or 128GB
(三)、下載 Rasbian Buster with Desktop，解壓縮，找到 .img 檔案
(四)、 SDFormatter：下載 SDFormatter 軟體，formate MicroSD卡
(五)、 Win32DiskImager：下載Win32DiskImager軟體，將Rasbian Buster .img檔案寫入 MicroSD卡片
(六)、 Rasbian Buster安裝後，沒有GUI介面，command Line
$ Login : pi
$ Passwd：raspberry
===== Change Passwd ==========
$ passwd ==>
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade
$ sudo apt rpi-upgrade
=== 然後開啟應用程式，放到桌面上： /usr/share/applications 底下有一些基本安裝的應用程式Icon，複製到桌面上，如 Termit終端機，檔案管理程式等。
$ sudo raspi-config # pi 設定包括 enable ssh、VNC，Localization中文化，WiFi 設定，可開啟手機當基地台。
如果有需要：
設定網路連線 --> /etc/dhcpcd.conf
設定固定網路IP連線：
$ sudo vi /etc/dhcpcd.conf
在檔案最後面加上這幾行：
……
interface eth0
#fallback static_eth0
static ip_address=163.13.XX.XX/24 # TKU Static IP
static routers=163.13.22.254
static domain_name_servers=163.13.1.160
static domain_name_servers=8.8.8.8

$ sudo reboot
(七)、 Check Python、Python3
Raspberry pi Buster 安裝完成後，Python預設已經安裝
1、 Check python 版本
$ python –V
Python 2.7.16 (python2 default version)
$ python3 –V
Python 3.7.3 (python3 default version)
$ pip --version
pip 18.1 from /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip (python 2.7)
$ pip3 --version
pip 18.1 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip (python 3.7)

三、安裝 Web Framework：nginx、Django、MySQL(MariaDB)
(一)、安裝 Web Framework相關套件
Python based web framework，包括Web Server、WSGI、Python Web Development、database、DBMS
1、 Web Server: Nginx、PHP
2、 Python Web Platform: Django
3、 Database : MySQL、MariaDB
4、 DBMS: phpMyAdmin
5、 WSGI : uWSGI
6、 Related Packages
(二)、安裝Web Server (nginx)
https://gist.github.com/isc30/aa80d81df ... 2d55806381

Let’s create a new source list:
$ sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/10-buster.list
In that file add.
deb http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ buster main contrib non-free rpi

After saving create the next file
$ sudo vi /etc/apt/preferences.d/10-buster
In that file add.
Package: *
Pin: release n=stretch
Pin-Priority: 900

Package: *
Pin: release n=buster
Pin-Priority: 750
Again save. Make the system aware of this source list with
$ sudo apt update

1、安裝相關套件 (php7.3)
$ sudo apt-get install -y -t buster php7.3 php7.3-cli php7.3-fpm php7.3-curl php7.3-gd php7.3-intl php7.3-mbstring php7.3-mysql php7.3-imap php7.3-opcache php7.3-sqlite3 php7.3-xml php7.3-xmlrpc php7.3-zip php7.3-bcmath php-apcu

$ php -v
PHP 7.3.11-1~deb10u1 (cli) (built: Oct 26 2019 14:14:18) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.3.11, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v7.3.11-1~deb10u1, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies

Now we need to add a few fpm things for nginx to work properly. Create a extra config file
$ sudo vi /etc/php/7.3/fpm/conf.d/90-pi-custom.ini
And add:
cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
upload_max_filesize=64m
post_max_size=64m
max_execution_time=600

Finally reload php
$ sudo service php7.3-fpm reload
Now PHP is ready to us

2、安裝 nginx
$ sudo apt-get install -y -t buster nginx
$ nginx –v
nginx version: nginx/1.14.2
安裝完成後，系統會增加一個存放nginx系統檔案的目錄
/etc/nginx 及存放Web文件的 /var/www 及 /var/www/html 目錄，該目錄內有一個新建檔案：index.nginx-debian.html，是預設Web site 的首頁文件。
/etc/nginx/site-available/ 目錄則有一份設定(Configure)檔案：default，內含 nginx web server 相關的參數與設定資料
/etc/nginx/site-enabled/ 目錄內則提供在site-available 內設定檔的 soft link檔。

# 使用預設值開機 nginx 及 php7.3-fpm
$ sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults
$ sudo update-rc.d php7.3-fpm defaults
啟動 nginx server：
$ sudo systemctl start nginx
$ sudo systemctl enable nginx
$ nginx –v
nginx version: nginx/1.14.2
Restart nginx
$ sudo nginx -t && sudo service nginx reload
do some global settings open:
$ sudo vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/99-custom.conf
Add the following line, we increase the allowed upload sizes.
client_max_body_size 64M;

從client 端： http://<Server IP> 就可以看到歡迎網頁
Welcome to nginx!
此檔案存放在 /var/www/html/index.nginx-debian.html
設定檔放在：/etc/nginx/sites-available/default
連結檔：/etc/nginx/sites-available/default -> /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
在 /etc/nginx/sites-enable/default 可以看到連結
# 將 /etc/php/7.3/fpm/php.ini 內容中
;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1 改成
cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
$ sed -i 's/^;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/' /etc/php/7.3/fpm/php.ini
3、 Nginx Setting (/etc/nginx/sites-available/default)
修改default 檔案內容
$ sudo vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
# Default server
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server; # support IPv6

root /var/www/html;
# Make site accessible from http://localhost/
server_name localhost;
index index.php index.html;
location / {
# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
try_files $uri $uri/index.html /cgi-bin/pyindex.py?q=$uri;
}
location /cgi-bin {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_modifier1 9;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
}

location /doc/ {
alias /usr/share/doc/;
autoindex on;
allow 127.0.0.1;
allow ::1;
deny all;
}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server
location ~ \.php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_buffers 16 16k;
fastcgi_buffer_size 32k;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, should an Apache document root conflict with nginx
location ~ /\.ht {
deny all;
}
}
$ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/public
$ sudo cat > /var/www/html/public/index.php << "EOF"
<?php
class Application
{
public function __construct()
{
phpinfo();
}
}
$application = new Application( ) ;
?>
EOF
$ sudo chown -R www-data:pi /var/www
$ sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www
$ sudo usermod -aG www-data pi

$ sudo service nginx restart
$ sudo service php7.3-fpm restart
(三)、安裝 Database：MySQL、MariaDB
1、安裝
$ sudo apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client libmariadbclient-dev libssl-dev
$ mysql --version
mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.3.17-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnueabihf (armv7l) using readline 5.2
$ sudo mysql -u root -p
Enter password: (none by default, type enter)
安裝完成的預設passwd是空白的，按Enter即可
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 47
Server version: 10.3.17-MariaDB-0+deb10u1 Raspbian 10.0
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

Change Password:
running MySQL 5.7.6 and later or MariaDB 10.1.20 and later to reset or change a user password:
MariaDB[(none)]>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NEWPASSWORD';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)] >FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]>show databases;
+----------------------+
| Database |
+----------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+-----------------------+
3 rows in set (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>exit

用新的密碼再測試一次:

$ sudo mysql -u root –p

For MySQL 5.7.5 and earlier or MariaDB 10.1.20 and earlier, use the commands below to change the user password
MariaDB [(none)]>SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('newpassword');
MariaDB [(none)] >FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]>exit
設定系統開機時自動執行 MariaDB的服務：
$ sudo systemctl start mariadb.service
$ sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service
$ sudo systemctl status mariadb.service
 可以看到 active (running) 的 status
2、安全性設定
$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Enter current password for root (enter for none): newpasswd
之後，除了Change the root password?[Y/n] : n
其他都按 y

(四)、 Installing phpMyAdmin
$ sudo apt-get install -y phpmyadmin
$ sudo ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www/html/
Run phpmyadmin:
http://<my server IP>/phpmyadmin
???? 有 permission deny的問題 (403 Forbidden)
1、 Installing phpMyAdmin
$ sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
Installation directory : /usr/share/phpmyadmin
安裝過程會有一些問題，原則上：
User: root (‘root’@’localhost’
Password : your passwd
2、

(五)、安裝 Django with Nginx uWSGI + MariaDB
1、安裝 Django
$ sudo pip3 install django mysqlclient
完成安裝，會在 /usr/local/bin/目錄底下產生django-admin 及 django-admin.py 二個檔案，提供 Django web 的管理功能。
$ sudo django-admin --version
2.2.7
安裝mysqlclient 可提供 Django project 的application 可 connect mysql database.
2、建立Django Project

(六)、參考資料:
1、 Django on Raspberry Pi 3 with phpMyAdmin (Raspbian Stretch Lite, Apache, MariaDB and Python 3.x as the LAMP stack) https://knowledgeofthings.com/django-on-raspberry-pi-3/
2、 Django教學：https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-TW/doc ... ry_website
3、 Django 管理工具：https://www.runoob.com/django/django-ad ... -tool.html
4、 Django Introduction：https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/doc ... troduction
5、 Setting up a Django development environment：https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/doc ... nvironment
6、 Django Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website：https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/doc ... on_website
7、 Adding Users to Your Django Project With A Custom User Model https://simpleit.rocks/python/django/ad ... ser-model/
8、 Nginx+uWsgi+Django+Python+MongoDB+mySQL服务器搭建https://www.cnblogs.com/geekma/archive/2013/02/22/2921952.html
9、 Learn about Python, Django, Marketing and Science：http://www.marinamele.com/django
10、 Best Practice to Structure Django Project Directories and Files：https://studygyaan.com/django/best-prac ... -and-files
11、 Front-end structure of large scale Django project：https://softwareengineering.stackexchan ... go-project
12、 Working Structure of Django MTV Architecture：https://towardsdatascience.com/working- ... 41c8c64082
13、 Django 基本教學 - 從無到有 Django-Beginners-Guide：https://github.com/twtrubiks/django-tutorial
14、 Django Social Login Tutorial：https://github.com/twtrubiks/django_soc ... n_tutorial
15、 Get Started With Django Part 1: Build a Portfolio App： https://realpython.com/get-started-with-django-1/
16、 The world's simplest facial recognition api for Python and the command line：https://github.com/ageitgey/face_recognition
17、基於Linux環境搭建Nginx uWSGI Python框架方法介紹：https://codertw.com/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F% ... 80/115783/
18、基于Linux环境搭建Nginx+uWSGI+Python框架方法介绍：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000012918535
19、用Nginx搭建Django生產環境的方法：https://kknews.cc/code/ynnljzj.html

Python-based framework：nginx、uWSGI、mariaDB、php、phpMyAdmin and django

Python-based framework：nginx、uWSGI、mariaDB、php、phpMyAdmin and django

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